Health science is a medical discipline of applied science which deals with human or animal health. There are two parts to health science: the study, research, and knowledge of health and the application of that knowledge to improve health, cure infectious diseases, and to understand how humans and animals function. Health science research builds on the pure sciences of biology, chemistry, and physics and also social sciences (for example medical sociology).
There are a wide range of traditional areas of health science. The most common areas are: medicine, nursing, midwifery, and various forms of therapy to supplement the healing process and restore proper activity (e.g. recreational, physical occupational, speech, and respiratory). Health science includes both the study and application of preventing and curing human diseases and disorders. Medical doctors include physicians and surgeons. There are many different branches of medicine; the other health care professions also have specialties or focus on specific populations or settings of care. Other less common medical areas include first aid and triage.
Dental health has grown in importance in recent decades making dentistry a major field of health sciences. Counselling, hospice care, home care, nutrition, medical social work, alternative medicine, pharmacology, and toxicology are all considered part of health science. Veterinary science is the health science dedicated exclusively to the care of animals.
Because health science deals with human life, issues of medical ethics, an important area of ethics, arise frequently. Medical ethics includes questions on topics such as a patient's right to privacy. Euthanasia, abortion, human cloning and genetic engineering are especially controversial issues directly related to health science.
Health science fields are as old as the human race. Humans have always been in need of solutions to various health related issues, such as childbirth. With modern technology and the backing of the pure sciences, the scientific accuracy of these fields has greatly improved. Nevertheless, many cultures have and continue to use various herbs and other culturally specific solutions to help solve health problems. These solutions may or may not be backed by any scientific support.
There are a large number of health professions. The terms medicine or biomedicine, and medical doctor or M.D. refer to dominant conventional practices in the West.
__Health practices__
__Conventional Western practices__
* Medicine
* Dentistry
* Epidemiology
* Genetic counseling
* Medical physics
* Nursing
* Nutrition
* Occupational therapy
* Pharmacology
* Physical therapy
* Podiatry
* Psychoanalysis
* Psychotherapy, including Cognitive therapy
* Public health
* Physical education
* Surgery, including anaesthesiology
* Veterinary medicine
__Complementary and alternative medicine__
* Alexander Technique
* Chiropractic medicine
* Homeopathy
* Hypnosis
* Life extension
* Naturopathic medicine
* Osteopathic medicine
__Spiritually-based healing__
* Christian Science
* Faith healing
* Shamanism
* Johrei
__Folk medicine and related traditions__
* Ayurveda
* Medical Herbalism - European
* Native American traditional healing
* Shamanism
* Traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture
__Related topics__
* Medical ethics
__Integrative Spirituality Preamble__
This is an oÂngoing collaboration oÂn how the wisdom, power and compassion of oÂne's spirituality and experience can be integrated into today's health sciences to assist them in becoming more effective and ethical partners in the making of a better world.
This section will cover areas of the health sciences such as medicine, genetics, wellness, nutrition and pharmacology. Several of the goals of this section are to develop integral position papers oÂn the key issues of the health sciences that might also be endorsed in an interfaith collaboration or be published and distributed to the general health sciences communities and media.
Another goal is to help define what contributions this distinct area will be making to the ideals and ideas of a 2nd Enlightenment which is just beginning to be recognized as a new global cultural phenomena and movement.
__Internal Links__
*Discussion Forum concerning Spirituality in Health Sciences
*http://universespirit.org/node/1564?module=ShowStoriesbyTopic
*Introduction to Spirituality in Health Sciences
*http://universespirit.org/node/1564?module=ProductReviews
*http://universespirit.org/node/1564?module=ProductReviews
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